The first video games appeared in the 40’s, with the research in data processing in the university. The first marketing of video games was done in the 70’s with the arcades and game consoles.
The first game has three main principal use :
Training program
Research in certain domain (like the Artificial Intelligence)
Technique demonstration
The first interactive game known is the Cathode-ray tube amusement device, in 1947 by Thomas T Goldsmith Jr. And Estle Ray Mann.
The first game for computer is Turochamp, a game of chess simulation by Alan Turing and David Champernowne inn 1948.
A lot of other game were created during the 70’s, but these games were created for the marketing : to sell some products (like computers) by showing their capacities.
1972 : The Atari company settle in in the economic market : it oversees the development of the fame Pong by Allan Alcorn. This game is playable at 2 players, and become a success in the arcade room.
1976 : The first controversy about free violence in video games is emerging with the game Death Race of Exidy. The purpose of the game is to crush some "goblins" with a car, but for some people, goblins looks like a pedestrian.
1977 : Atari start is first console : The Video Computer System, renamed later Atari 2600. It's the begin of arcade room, we can see the first apparition of Nintendo with an arcade.
The evolution of microcomputers begins in the middle of the 70`s, allowing users to program some simples video games. There are two differents way of having them :
The source code of the game was shared in books or magazine
Amateur programmer past the source code of the game on diskette to sell them
1980 : Pac-Man was publish on arcade born, and begins the most popular game at this time.
Nintendo marketing an electronic game, Game and Watch with a liquid cristal display. It's the ancestor of the portable consoles.
1983 : Nintendo sells the Family Computer, which will be later renamed NES (Nintendo Entertainment System).
1985 : Sega sells the Master System, which stay behind the NES. The icon Mario, Donkey Kong, Metroid, The Legend Of Zelda and Dragon Quest boost the Nintendo’s sellings.
1989 : Nintendo sells the GameBoy, which is portable and multi-games.
In the begin of the 90`s, Nintendo is the leader with the NES, opposite to the Master System of Sega. In 1990, sales explode for Nintendo from the sale of Super Mario Bros 3. To counter Nintendo, Sega develops the Mega Drive, and makes an icon : Sonic.
1994 : Sony sells the PlayStation, which work with CD. To counter, Nintendo sells the Nintendo 64, which begins with some strongs titles like Final Fantasy VII, Super Mario 64, The Legend Of Zelda : Ocarina of Time.
1996 : Nintendo sells a game which boosts the company against all odds : Pokemon on GameBoy. The GameBoy becomes the most sold console, then it will be dethroned by the PlayStation 2 and the Nintendo DS.
1997 : Nokia install the first game on a mobile phone : Snake.
1998 : Blizzard Entertainment product two games which stay in history : Diablo and Starcraft.
Since the 2000s, a lot of number consoles went out, of whom recently the Nintendo Switch, the Xbox One X and the PS4 Pro.
To conclude, we could see the evolution of video games. The evolution touch different aspects of it : like the gameplay, the graphisme as you can see on the picture of evolution of Tomb Raider :
And most of all, that's the competition between Nintendo, Sega, and Microsoft who allowed this huge evolution in the video games world.
Source : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_video_games
https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/history-of-video-games
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